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Chinese state entities have paid tribute to a number states and confederations throughout history. China also had a strong Confucian tradition, which believed that showing virtue and giving things/gifts/tribute would civilize "Barbarians". Many of them involved silk and tea, and during the Ming Dynasty, China's input of silver increased due to trade with Spanish merchants in Manila, so they could pay them off with silver. *Xiongnu in 200 BCE-138 BCE: the Xiongnu repulsed the invading army of the Han Dynasty, advanced into the territory of China, and besieged its capital. The Chinese Emperor recognised the Great Wall as the border of the two states and was obliged to pay annual tribute (silk, liquor, rice) to the Xiongnu.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/asian_theatre_journal/v022/22.1mccurley.html )〕 *Turkic Kaganate: The Qi and Zhou Dynasties of China surrendered to the Turks in 570 and began paying tribute. Note that the Qi and Zhou dynasties were only small parts of China proper which had fragmented into several states. The Qi and Zhou dynasties had a hybrid Sino-Turkic leadership. *Uigur Kaganate: Successful campaigns of the Uigur Kaganate led to a peace with the Tang Dynasty which paid tribute in silk and grain for 12 years from 766.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.kyrgyz.ru/?page=106 )〕 *Khitan 1005-1118 after Khitan's victory over the Song Dynasty invasion〔 〕 *Jurchen: In 1142, after a disastrous defeat, the Song dynasty agreed to be a vassal state of Jurchen and pay annual tribute.〔(''A short History of the Chinese'', By L. Carrington Goodrich p.169 )〕 *Altan Khan of Mongolia in 1550s after Altan Khan besieged Beijing.〔Laird, Thomas (2006). ''The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama'', p. 141. Grove Press, N.Y. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.〕 *Ligden Khan of Mongolia early 17th century: after a series of raids on China, the Ming court paid silver to Ligden Khan. == Further reading == *Shar Tuuji. 16th century. *Luvsandanzan. Altan Tobchi. 17th century. *Sagan Secen. Erdeniin Tobchi. 17th century. *?. Ming Shi-lu. 17th century. *Council Secretary of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs. Copyright @ 2003 Singapore Press Holdings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of recipients of tribute from China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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